Navigating cybersecurity paradox: opportunities and risks of artificial intelligence integration in healthcare systems

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in healthcare services, such as assisting in diagnosis and clinical decision-making. AI can potentially improve cybersecurity within healthcare services. Nevertheless, AI can also pose new threats that are dangerous to the system. The objective of this research is to investigate the contradictory roles that AI plays in the context of healthcare security. This study was a bibliometric study and systematic review from the Scopus database that were published in 2015-2025. This research shows that AI can bring benefits for security, such as enhanced threat detection, automation, and efficiency, as well as improved patient care. However, AI has many risks and challenges in healthcare security, such as new vulnerabilities, data privacy concerns, and ethical and bias issues. Integration of AI in healthcare services, especially to strengthen cybersecurity, needs to be accompanied by clear regulations, robust data protection standards, and ongoing supervision. In addition, principles of patient data security and privacy must be carefully observed to balance the benefits of using AI in healthcare security with the potential risks that may arise.