Enhancing energy efficiency and accuracy in IoT-based wireless sensor networks using machine learning

Abstract

This study presents a novel sensor data fusion framework designed to improve accuracy and energy efficiency in internet of things (IoT)-driven wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed approach combines machine learning techniques with the Kalman filter, addressing the limitations of traditional methods, such as high computational overhead and limited precision. By utilizing machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition and the Kalman filter for precise state estimation, the framework optimizes data processing while minimizing energy consumption. MATLAB-based simulations validate the model’s effectiveness, demonstrating a significant improvement in key performance metrics, including F1-score, recall, and precision, with an overall accuracy of 98.36%. The results highlight the framework’s ability to enhance fault tolerance, accelerate convergence rates, extend network lifespan, and optimize energy utilization, making it highly suitable for real-time data fusion applications in complex sensor environments. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid model is scalable and adaptable, allowing it to be implemented across various fields, including environmental surveillance, industrial automation, and healthcare monitoring. With integration of intelligent data processing techniques, this research contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient IoT-based monitoring systems capable of handling dynamic and resource-constrained environments.