Real-time object detection to classify export quality of mangosteen using variants of you only look once version 8

Abstract

Mangosteen is one of the leading export commodities from Indonesia. Despite its great economic potential, only about 25% of Indonesian mangosteens meet export standards, mainly due to visual defects such as yellow sap and spots on the skin of the fruit. The process of sorting export worthy mangosteens has been done manually, which tends to be time consuming and inconsistent. Therefore, this study aims to utilize artificial intelligence technology in building a real-time image recognition model to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the export-quality mangosteen sorting process. This study uses you only look once version 8 (YOLOv8) as an image recognition model with YOLOv8 variants, including nano, small, medium, large, and extra large variants. The results of the study using 4,014 primary and 255 secondary data of mangosteen, the highest performance is reached by YOLOv8 medium 82% of accuracy, 0.856 of mean average precision (mAP)50, and 0.616 of mAP50-95. This result is obtained from 70% training, 20% validation, and 10% testing data with epoch stop 85. These results indicate that the model can provide good performance in mangosteen export quality classification. This research contributes to the fields of agricultural technology and artificial intelligence by offering an innovative solution to a practical problem, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and scalability in export-quality mangosteen sorting.